How to choose the appropriate frequency band for RFID technology

First, the cost of an RFID system, including hardware costs, software costs, and integration costs. Hardware costs include not only the cost of readers and tags, but also the cost of installation. Many times, application and data management software and integration are the main costs of the entire application. If you consider the cost, it must be based on the overall cost of the system, not just hardware, such as the price of the label. Here, we do not discuss and analyze this part of the problem further, but readers need to have an understanding and understanding of this. Below we mainly discuss how to choose the appropriate frequency band from a technical perspective.

Second, we know that even in radio frequency identification systems in the same frequency band, the communication distance is very different. Because the communication distance usually depends on the antenna design, reader output power, tag chip power consumption and reader receiver sensitivity. We can't simply think that the radio frequency identification system in one frequency band has a working distance greater than the radio frequency identification system in another frequency band.

第三,尽管理想的RFID系统是长时间的工作ing distance, high transmission rate and low power consumption. However, in reality, this ideal RF system does not exist, and high data transmission rates can only be achieved at relatively close distances. Conversely, if you want to increase the communication distance, you need to reduce the data transmission rate. Therefore, if we want to use radio frequency identification technology with a long communication distance, we must sacrifice the communication rate. The process of selecting a frequency band is often a compromise process.

Fourth, in addition to considering the communication distance, when we choose an RF system, we usually also consider the memory capacity, security features and other factors. Based on these application requirements, the appropriate RFID bands and solutions can be determined. From the existing solutions, UHF and microwave RFID systems have the largest operating distance (up to 3 to 10 meters) and have a faster communication rate, but to reduce the power consumption and complexity of the tag chip. It does not implement complex security mechanisms and is limited to simple security mechanisms such as write locking and password protection.

Moreover, the electromagnetic wave energy in this frequency band is attenuated severely in water, so it is not suitable for tracking animals (more than 50% of water in the body), drugs containing liquids, and the like. Low-frequency and high-frequency systems have a small read/write distance, usually no more than one meter. The high-frequency band is adopted by the technology-developed contactless smart card, and the contactless smart card can support large memory capacity and complex security algorithms. As mentioned earlier, the contact distance of non-contact smart cards is generally around 10 cm due to communication speed and security requirements. The ISO15693 specification in the high-frequency band increases the communication distance by reducing the communication rate. With large-size antennas and high-power readers, the working distance can reach more than 1 meter. Due to the low carrier frequency, the low frequency band is more than 100 times lower than the high frequency 13.56 MHz, so the communication rate is the lowest, and multi-tag reading is usually not supported.